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How Many Minorities Makeup The House Of Representatives 2018

Written By Saturday, May 21, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Joseph Rainey (left) was the first African American to serve in the U.S. Firm; Shirley Chisholm (right) was the outset African-American adult female elected to the chamber.

The United States House of Representatives has had 156 elected African-American members, of whom 150 accept been representatives from U.Southward. states and 6 have been delegates from U.S. territories and the District of Columbia.[1] The House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral Us Congress, which is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States.

According to the U.S. Census Agency, the term "African American" includes all individuals who identify with one or more nationalities or ethnic groups originating in any of the black racial groups of Africa.[2] The term is generally used for Americans with at least partial ancestry in any of the original peoples of sub-Saharan Africa. During the founding of the federal authorities, African Americans were consigned to a status of second-course citizenship or enslaved.[3] No African American served in federal elective office before the ratification in 1870 of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Fifteenth Subpoena prohibits the federal and state governments from denying any citizen the right to vote considering of that citizen's race, colour, or previous condition of servitude.

Joseph Rainey was the outset African-American representative to be seated in the U.Due south. Business firm. He served Due south Carolina's 1st congressional district beginning in 1870 during the Reconstruction era following the American Civil War. The first African-American woman to serve as a representative was Shirley Chisholm from New York's 12th congressional district in 1969 during the Civil Rights Motion.

Many African-American members of the House of Representatives serve bulk-minority districts.[4] Some of these congressional districts are gerrymandered, limiting serious challenges to their re-election, and limiting their abilities to represent a larger, more diverse constituency.[4] The Voting Rights Deed of 1965 includes restrictions on the ability of States to diminish minority representation during redistricting. In the elections of 2016 and 2018, an increasing number of not-majority-minority districts have elected racial minority Representatives.

Overall, 30 of the 50 U.S. states, plus the U.South. Virgin Islands and the District of Columbia, accept elected an African American to represent them in the U.S. House of Representatives, with Washington being the most recent to elect their outset (in 2020); out of these, 21 states, plus the U.S. Virgin Islands and the District of Columbia, have elected an African-American woman to represent them in the U.South. House. Illinois's 1st congressional district has the longest continuous streak of electing African-American representatives, a tendency which has occurred since 1929 to the present. There currently are 57 African-American representatives and 2 African-American delegates in the United States House of Representatives, representing 28 states, plus the U.S. Virgin Islands and the District of Columbia. Well-nigh are members of the Congressional Black Conclave.

Reconstruction and early post-Reconstruction era, 1870–1887 [edit]

(Note: Representatives are organized commencement in chronological club according to their first term in role, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)

Political party

 Republican

Belatedly post-Reconstruction, Populist, and early Jim Crow era, 1887–1929 [edit]

(Note: Representatives are organized outset in chronological order co-ordinate to their starting time term in office, then 2d in alphabetical social club according to their surname.)

Political party

 Republican

Belatedly Jim Crow and Civil Rights era, 1929–1970 [edit]

(Note: Representatives are organized outset in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)

Political parties

 Autonomous  Republican

Modernistic era, 1971–nowadays [edit]

Representatives [edit]

(Note: Representatives are organized outset in chronological order according to their first term in part, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)

Political parties

 Democratic  Republican

House delegates (non-voting members) [edit]

(Notation: Delegates are organized get-go in chronological society according to their starting time term in function, and then 2nd in alphabetical order according to their surname.)

Political parties

 Autonomous  Republican  Independent

African Americans elected to the Business firm of Representatives, simply not seated [edit]

Political political party

 Republican

See too [edit]

Federal government [edit]

  • African Americans in the United States Congress
    • List of African-American United States senators
    • Congressional Black Conclave
    • Congressional Black Caucus Foundation
  • List of African-American Usa Cabinet Secretaries

State and local authorities [edit]

  • African-American officeholders in the U.s., 1789–1866
  • List of African-American U.S. state firsts
  • List of first African-American mayors

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Elected to fill vacancy acquired by resignation of Benjamin Whittemore. Starting time African American to serve in the United States House of Representatives and the first to serve in Congress from Southward Carolina.
  2. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by the House of Representatives denial to seat Samuel F. Gove. First African American to serve in Congress from Georgia.
  3. ^ The seat remained vacant until March 1873.
  4. ^ Elected in November 1874 to the South Carolina Business firm of Representatives.
  5. ^ First African American to serve in Congress from Alabama.
  6. ^ Showtime African American to serve in Congress from Florida.
  7. ^ Seated in Congress after contested election that involved James Chalmers in 1882.[15] First African American to serve in the United States House of Representatives from Mississippi. Youngest fellow member of the 43rd United States Congress at age 26.
  8. ^ Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina (1870-1872)
  9. ^ First African American to serve in Congress from North Carolina.
  10. ^ First African American to serve in Congress from Louisiana.
  11. ^ Seated in Congress after contested election that involved George Tillman in 1882.[22] Elected in 1884 to fill up vacancy acquired past death of Edmund Mackey.
  12. ^ Brother-in-constabulary of George Henry White.
  13. ^ Seated in Congress after the contested election that involved Edward Venable in September 1890.[26] First African American to serve in Congress from Virginia.
  14. ^ Seated in Congress after contested election that involved William Elliott in September 1890.
  15. ^ Seated in Congress after contested ballot that involved William Elliott in June 1896.[30] Distant relative of Jim Clyburn.
  16. ^ Brother-in-law of Henry P. Cheatham. The concluding African American to serve in Congress from a Southern state until Barbara Jordan from Texas and Andrew Immature from Georgia in 1973.
  17. ^ First African American to serve in Congress from Illinois and the first to serve from exterior the southern states.
  18. ^ Starting time African American to be elected to Congress as a member of the Democratic political party.
  19. ^ Excluded from membership in the 90th United States Congress in Feb 1967. Reelected to fill vacancy caused by exclusion from membership, only did not take oath of role. Get-go African American to serve in Congress from New York.
  20. ^ First African American to serve in Congress from Michigan. The first person to serve equally chair of the Congressional Blackness Caucus in the 91st United States Congress during the get-go session.
  21. ^ Elected to fill up vacancy caused by the resignation of Earl Chudoff in 1958. First African American to serve in Congress from Pennsylvania.
  22. ^ First African American to serve in Congress from California.
  23. ^ Commencement African American to become Dean of the United States House of Representatives.
  24. ^ First African-American woman to serve in Congress and the get-go African-American adult female to run every bit a presidential candidate in 1972.
  25. ^ His son, Lacy Clay, succeeded him in office. First African American to serve in Congress from Missouri.
  26. ^ Showtime African American to serve in Congress from Ohio. Served equally chair of the Congressional Black Conclave in the 92nd United States Congress during the 2d session and in the 93rd United States Congress during the first session.
  27. ^ Elected to Congress to make full the vacancy acquired past the death of Daniel Ronan. Collins' married woman, Cardiss Collins, filled the vacancy caused by his expiry.
  28. ^ Served every bit chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 101st United states Congress.
  29. ^ First African-American Cosmic in the United States Congress. Metcalfe converted to the Catholic Church in 1932, while an undergraduate at Marquette University.[46] [47]
  30. ^ First African American to serve in Congress from Maryland. Served every bit chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 95th Us Congress.
  31. ^ Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 93rd U.s.a. Congress during the second session and in the 94th United States Congress during the first session.
  32. ^ Showtime adult female to serve every bit chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 94th United States Congress during the 2d session.
  33. ^ First African American to serve in Congress from Texas. Along with Andrew Young from Georgia, the first African American to serve in Congress from a Southern state since George Henry White from North Carolina in 1901.
  34. ^ Along with Barbara Jordan from Texas, the commencement African American to serve in Congress from a Southern state since George Henry White from Northward Carolina in 1901.
  35. ^ Elected to make full vacancy acquired by the decease of her husband, George Due west. Collins. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 96th The states Congress.
  36. ^ His son, Harold Ford Jr. succeeded him in function. First African American to serve in Congress from Tennessee.
  37. ^ Served as chair of the Congressional Blackness Caucus in the 98th United States Congress.
  38. ^ Served as chair for the House Autonomous Conclave during the 101st United States Congress and Business firm Democratic Whip during the 102nd United States Congress.
  39. ^ Served as chair for the Congressional Black Conclave in the 99th United States Congress.
  40. ^ Elected to fill vacancy acquired past the resignation of Charles Diggs.
  41. ^ Served equally chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 100th United States Congress.
  42. ^ Elected to Congress to fill vacancy caused by the death of Adam Benjamin Jr. Outset African American to serve in Congress from Indiana.
  43. ^ Served every bit chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 102nd Us Congress.
  44. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused past resignation of Harold Washington.
  45. ^ Elected to Congress to fill vacancy caused by the expiry of Joseph Addabbo.
  46. ^ Served as Autonomous chief whip in the 102nd through 109th Congresses. As well, served every bit the Democratic Senior Principal Deputy Whip in the 110th through 112th Congresses.
  47. ^ Served as chair of the Congressional Black Conclave in the 103rd United states of america Congress. Also, served as co-chair of the Democratic Policy Committee in the 104th United States Congress. Afterwards elected to make full vacancy acquired by death of Elijah Cummings.
  48. ^ His son, Donald Payne Jr., succeeded him in function. First African American to serve in Congress from New Jersey. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Conclave in the 104th United States Congress.
  49. ^ Elected to part to fill up vacancy caused by death of Mickey Leland.
  50. ^ Outset African American to serve in Congress from Connecticut.
  51. ^ Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 105th Us Congress. Served as vice chair of the Democratic Steering Commission in the 105th through 108th Congresses. Served equally Democratic chief deputy whip in the 106th through 112th Congresses.
  52. ^ Elected to fill vacancy acquired by the resignation of William H. Gray.
  53. ^ Elected to fill up vacancy caused by expiry of Walter B. Jones Sr. Served every bit co-chair of the Democratic Policy Commission in the 104th U.s. Congress.
  54. ^ Served as chair of the Congressional Blackness Conclave in the 106th United states Congress. Served as vice chair of the Firm Democratic Caucus in the 108th through 109th Congresses. Served as House bulk whip in the 110th through 111th Congresses. Served as the Assistant Autonomous Leader in the 112th United States Congress. Distant relative of George West. Murray.
  55. ^ Youngest member of the 103rd United States Congress at age xxx.
  56. ^ Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 107th U.s. Congress.
  57. ^ Her son, Kendrick Meek, succeeded her in part.
  58. ^ Tucker was sentenced to 27 months in prison.
  59. ^ Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 109th United States Congress.
  60. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Mike Espy.
  61. ^ Kickoff African American to serve in Congress from Oklahoma. Served as chair of the Firm Republican Conference in the 106th through 107th Congresses.
  62. ^ He was sentenced to thirty months in federal prison house. Elected to fill vacancy acquired by resignation of Mel Reynolds.
  63. ^ Elected to fill vacancy acquired by resignation of Walter Tucker.
  64. ^ Elected to make full vacancy caused by resignation of Kweisi Mfume. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 108th United States Congress.
  65. ^ Carson'due south grandson, André Carson, filled the vacancy caused by her death.
  66. ^ Succeeded his begetter, Harold Ford Sr., in office. Youngest member of the 105th United States Congress at historic period 26.
  67. ^ Served as chair of the Congressional Black Conclave in the 110th The states Congress.
  68. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Floyd H. Bit.
  69. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Ron Dellums. Served as chair of the Congressional Blackness Conclave in the 111th The states Congress.
  70. ^ Succeeded his father, Bill Clay, in office.
  71. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused past death of Julian C. Dixon.
  72. ^ Became a member of the Republican Party in 2012.
  73. ^ Succeeded his mother, Carrie P. Meek, in part.
  74. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Frank Ballance. Served every bit chair of the Congressional Blackness Conclave in the 114th United States Congress.
  75. ^ Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 112th Us Congress.
  76. ^ First African American to serve in Congress from Wisconsin.[122]
  77. ^ First African American to serve in Congress from Minnesota and the first Muslim to serve in Congress.
  78. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused past death of Juanita Millender-McDonald. In 2012 was reprimanded due to use of Congressional role staff in 2010 House ballot campaign.
  79. ^ Elected to fill up vacancy caused by the decease of his grandmother, Julia Carson.
  80. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Albert Wynn.
  81. ^ Elected to fill vacancy acquired by death of Stephanie Tubbs Jones. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Conclave in the 113th United States Congress.
  82. ^ Served every bit chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 115th U.s. Congress.
  83. ^ Served every bit Republican assistant majority whip in the 112th U.s.a. Congress. Offset African American to serve in both chambers of the United States Congress.
  84. ^ Served as Democratic senior whip in the 112th United states of america Congress.
  85. ^ Elected to fill vacancy caused by the death of his father, Donald M. Payne.
  86. ^ Get-go African American to serve in Congress from Nevada.
  87. ^ Elected to make full vacancy caused past the resignation of Jesse Jackson Jr.
  88. ^ Elected to make full vacancy caused past the resignation of Mel Watt.
  89. ^ Commencement female African-American Republican to serve in Congress, offset African American to serve in Congress from Utah and start Haitian American to serve in Congress. Too the first African-American Latter Day Saint elected to Congress after converting in 1998.[147]
  90. ^ Elected to fill up vacancy caused by the resignation of Chaka Fattah.
  91. ^ First African American to serve in Congress from Delaware.
  92. ^ Elected to fill vacancy acquired by resignation of John Conyers.
  93. ^ Offset African-American woman to serve in Congress from Connecticut.
  94. ^ First African American to serve in Congress from Colorado and first Eritrean American to serve in Congress.
  95. ^ Start Somali-American to serve in Congress. Along with Rashida Tlaib, the first Muslim-American adult female to serve in Congress.
  96. ^ First African-American adult female to serve in Congress from Massachusetts.
  97. ^ Elected to make full vacancy acquired by the death of John Lewis, for a term that concluded at the conclusion of the 116th The states Congress on Jan 3, 2021.
  98. ^ Beginning African American to serve in Congress from Washington. Likewise beginning Afro-Asian woman elected to the U.S. House of Representatives.[172]
  99. ^ Offset LGBTQ African American to serve in Congress.[173]
  100. ^ First African American to serve equally a delegate for the Commune of Columbia. Elected to serve in Congress afterwards the District of Columbia was authorized to elect a Delegate by the District of Columbia Consul Human action of 1970. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 97th United States Congress.
  101. ^ Starting time African American to serve in Congress from the Virgin Islands.
  102. ^ First woman elected to serve in Congress from the Virgin Islands.
  103. ^ Elected to make full vacancy acquired by death of James Mann.[185] Starting time African American elected to Congress, merely denied seat.

References [edit]

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Farther reading [edit]

  • Christopher, Maurine (1971). America'south Black Congressmen. Thomas Y. Crowell Company. ISBN9780690085853.
  • Clay, William L. (1992). But Permanent Interests: Black Americans in Congress, 1870–1991. Amistad Press. ISBN1-56743-000-vii.
  • Dray, Philip (2008). Capitol Men: The Ballsy Story of Reconstruction Through the Lives of the First Black Congressmen. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN978-0-618-56370-8.
  • Foner, Eric (1996). Freedom's Lawmakers: A Directory of Black Officeholders During Reconstruction. LSU Press. ISBN9780807120828.
  • Freedman, Eric; Jones, Stephen A. (2008). African Americans In Congress: A Documentary History . CQ Press. ISBN9780872893856.
  • Gill, LaVerne McCain (1997). African American Women in Congress: Forming and Transforming History. Rutgers Academy Printing. ISBN9780813523538.
  • Hahn, Steven (2005). A Nation Under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural Due south from Slavery to the Great Migration . Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN9780674017658.
  • Haskins, James (1999). Distinguished African American Political and Governmental Leaders. Oryx Press. ISBN9781573561266.
  • Lynch, Matthew (2012). Before Obama: A Reappraisal of Black Reconstruction Era Politicians. ABC-CLIO. ISBN9780313397929.
  • Middleton, Stephen (2002). Black Congressmen During Reconstruction: A Documentary Sourcebook. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN9780313322815.
  • Rabinowitz, Howard N., ed. (1982). Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era. University of Illinois Press. ISBN9780252009723.
  • Walton, Jr., Hanes; Puckett, Sherman C.; Deskins, Jr., Donald R. (2012). The African American Electorate: A Statistical History. Congressional Quarterly Printing. ISBN9780872895089.
  • Wasniewski, Matthew, ed. (2008). Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007. The states Authorities Press Role. ISBN9780160801945. The website, Blackness Americans in Congress maintained past the Clerk of the United states of america House of Representatives, serves every bit an ongoing supplement to the book. To download a free re-create of the unabridged publication or a specific portion of the publication, meet H. Doc. 108-224 - Black Americans in Congress 1870 - 2007. Made bachelor by the Us Government Printing Function (GPO).

External links [edit]

  • African American Members of the The states Congress: 1870–2018 A 51-page history produced by the Congressional Research Service, a legislative co-operative agency within the Library of Congress.
  • Biographical Directory of the U.s.a. Congress, 1774–present Perform search of desired representative or delegate by last proper name, get-go name, position, state, party, by year or congress.
  • C-SPAN videos that discuss the history of African Americans in Congress:
    • Blackness Americans in Congress, 1870–2007 A C-SPAN video with Matthew Wasniewski, historian of the U.s. Firm of Representatives, as the presenter. He discusses the history of African Americans in Congress from 1870 to 2007. The video is 164 minutes in length.
    • African Americans in Congress in the 19th Century A C-SPAN video with Matthew Wasniewski and Farar Elliott, historian and curator respectively of the United states of america House of Representatives, equally the presenters. They discuss the history of African Americans in Congress during the nineteenth century. The video is 28:54 minutes in length.
    • African Americans in Congress in the 20th Century A C-SPAN video with Ron Dellums, the former representative of the Us Business firm of Representatives from California's 9th congressional district, and Matthew Wasniewski and Farar Elliott, historian and curator respectively of the U.s.a. Business firm of Representatives, equally the presenters. They hash out the history of African Americans in Congress during the twentieth century. The video is 43:59 minutes in length.
  • Black Americans in Congress Maintained by the Clerk of the Usa Firm of Representatives. The website serves as an ongoing supplement to the book, Blackness Americans in Congress, 1870–2007.
  • Major African American Function Holders Since 1641 Includes a listing for the United States Senate. Maintained by Blackpast.org.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives

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